Chitsanzo Chokhazikika cha Uthirira Wopulumutsa Madzi ku Yuanmou County
Chidule: Mzere wa "Trending Topics" patsamba loyambira patsamba la Development Asia la Asia Development Bank watulutsa nkhani ya ntchito yothirira yothirira yothirira madzi yopulumutsa madzi ku Yuanmou, Yunnan, ndi cholinga chogawana zomwe zachitika komanso zomwe zidachitika ku China PPP. ndi maiko ena omwe akutukuka kumene ku Asia.
Chitsanzo Chokhazikika cha Uthirira Wopulumutsa Madzi ku Yuanmou County Pulojekiti ya mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi mabungwe achinsinsi ku People's Republic of China yapititsa patsogolo ulimi wa alimi ndi ndalama zawo pomanga ulimi wothirira wanzeru. Mzinda wa Yuanmou m'chigawo cha Yunnan m'chigawo cha People's Republic of China (PRC) uli m'chigwa chotentha chotentha cha mtsinje wa Jinshajiang, m'chigawo cha Yunnan m'chigawo cha People's Republic of China (PRC) chakhala chikukumana ndi kusowa kwa madzi komwe kwalepheretsa ulimi wa m'deralo kupita patsogolo ndikupangitsa kuti ulimi wothirira upite patsogolo. . Pulojekiti ya Public-Private Partnership (PPP) idapanga njira yophatikizira yogawa madzi kuti ipititse patsogolo madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ulimi wothirira m'boma ndikukhazikitsa njira yoti ntchito yake ikhale yokhazikika.Ntchitoyi inathandiza kuti ulimi wothirira bwino m’mafamuwo ukhale wabwino, kukweza ndalama za alimi, komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi komanso kuwononga ndalama zambiri. 2017 : Kukhazikitsa Ntchito 2018-2038 : Nthawi Yogwira Ntchito $44.37 miliyoni ($307.7852 miliyoni) : Ndalama Zonse za Ntchitoyi Bungwe la Water Bureau ku Yuanmou County Malingaliro a kampani Dayu Irrigation Group Co., Ltd. Malingaliro a kampani Dayu Irrigation Group Co., Ltd. Boma la People's Republic of China Alimi am'deralo ndi ena okhudzidwa Kufuna kwapachaka kwa ulimi wothirira ku Yuanmou ndi 92.279 miliyoni kiyubic metres (m³).Komabe, madzi 66.382 miliyoni m³ amapezeka chaka chilichonse.Ndi 55% yokha mwa mahekitala 28,667 a malo olima m'chigawochi omwe amathiriridwa.Anthu a ku Yuanmou akhala akudandaula kwa nthawi yaitali kuti athetse vuto la madzi, koma boma laling'ono lili ndi bajeti yochepa komanso mphamvu zogwirira ntchito zosungira madzi pamwamba pa ntchito zomwe zakonzedwa. Yuanmou County ili kumpoto kwa Central Yunnan Plateau ndipo imayang'anira matauni atatu ndi matauni asanu ndi awiri.Gawo lake lalikulu kwambiri ndi ulimi, ndipo pafupifupi 90% ya anthu ndi alimi.M’chigawochi muli mpunga, ndiwo zamasamba, mango, khofi, zipatso za tamarind, ndi mbewu zina zotentha komanso zotentha. Pali malo atatu osungira madzi m'derali, omwe angakhale ngati magwero a madzi othirira.Kuphatikiza apo, ndalama zomwe alimi am'deralo amapeza pachaka zimaposa ¥8,000 ($1,153) ndipo mtengo wapakati pa hekitala umaposa ¥150,000 ($21,623).Zinthu izi zimapangitsa Yuanmou kukhala yabwino pazachuma kuti akhazikitse pulojekiti yokonzanso madzi otetezedwa pansi pa PPP. Boma la PRC limalimbikitsa anthu ogwira ntchito payekha kuti agwire nawo ntchito zogulitsa, kumanga, ndi kuyendetsa ntchito zosungira madzi pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha PPP chifukwa izi zikhoza kuchepetsa mavuto a zachuma ndi luso la boma popereka ntchito zabwino komanso panthawi yake. Pogula zinthu mopikisana, boma la Yuanmou linasankha Dayu Irrigation Group Co., LTD.monga mnzake wa polojekiti ya Water Bureau pomanga njira yolumikizira madzi amthirira m'minda.Dayu adzagwiritsa ntchito dongosololi kwa zaka 20. Pulojekitiyi idapanga njira yolumikizirana ndi madzi yamadzi yokhala ndi zigawo izi: ·Kuthira madzi: Malo awiri odyetsera osiyanasiyana m'madamu awiri. Kutumiza kwamadzi: Chitoliro chachikulu cha 32.33-kilomita (km) chotengera madzi kuchokera kumalo odyetserako ndi mapaipi amtundu wa 46 wapaipi yayikulu yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 156.58 km. · Kugawa madzi: 801 sub-ikulu mipope yogawa madzi perpendicular madzi kufala thunthu mipope ndi okwana kutalika 266.2 Km, 901 nthambi mipope yogawa madzi perpendicular kwa sub-ikulu mipope ndi okwana kutalika kwa 345.33 Km, ndi 4,933 DN50 mamita amadzi anzeru. ·Farmland engineering: Network mapaipi pansi pa mipope yanthambi yogawa madzi, yokhala ndi mapaipi othandizira 4,753 okhala ndi kutalika kwa 241.73 km, machubu a mamita 65.56 miliyoni, mipope yothirira madzi a 3.33 miliyoni, ndi ma drippers miliyoni 1.2. · Dongosolo lazidziwitso zopulumutsa madzi mwanzeru: Dongosolo loyang'anira kayendedwe ka madzi ndi kugawa, njira yowunikira chidziwitso chazanyengo ndi chinyezi, ulimi wothirira wopulumutsa madzi, ndi malo oyang'anira zidziwitso. Ntchitoyi Integrated mamita anzeru madzi, valavu magetsi, dongosolo mphamvu, kachipangizo opanda zingwe, ndi zipangizo opanda zingwe kulankhulana kufalitsa uthenga, monga kumwa madzi mbewu, kuchuluka fetereza, kuchuluka mankhwala, nthaka chinyezi, kusintha kwa nyengo, ntchito otetezeka mipope ndi ena, ku control center.Pulogalamu yapadera idapangidwa yomwe alimi amatha kutsitsa ndikuyika pama foni awo am'manja.Alimi angagwiritse ntchito pulogalamuyi kulipira malipiro a madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito madzi kuchokera kumalo olamulira.Pambuyo posonkhanitsa zambiri za momwe madzi amagwiritsira ntchito kwa alimi, malo olamulira amakonza ndondomeko ya madzi ndikuwadziwitsa kudzera pa mameseji.Kenako, alimi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni awo a m'manja kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve owongolera amthirira, feteleza, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Tsopano atha kupeza madzi pakufunika komanso kupulumutsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Kupatula pazomangamanga, pulojekitiyi idayambitsanso njira zopangira ma data ndi msika kuti apangitse njira yophatikizira yamadzi yokhazikika. Kugawilidwa koyamba kwa ufulu wa madzi: Potengera kufufuza ndi kusanthula bwino, boma likuwonetsa mulingo wogwiritsa ntchito madzi pa hekitala imodzi ndikukhazikitsa njira yoyendetsera ufulu wamadzi momwe ufulu wamadzi ungagulitsire. Mitengo yamadzi: Boma limakhazikitsa mtengo wamadzi, womwe ungasinthidwe potengera kuwerengera ndi kuyang'anira pambuyo pa kumva kwa anthu ku Price Bureau. Chilimbikitso chopulumutsa madzi ndi njira yopezera ndalama zothandizira anthu: Boma likhazikitsa thumba la mphotho zopulumutsa madzi kuti lipereke chilimbikitso kwa alimi komanso kupereka ndalama zothandizira kubzala mpunga.Pakalipano, ndondomeko yowonjezera yowonjezera iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito madzi ochulukirapo. Kutenga nawo mbali kwa anthu ambiri: Mgwirizano wogwiritsa ntchito madzi, wokonzedwa ndi boma laderalo ndipo wokhazikitsidwa ndi ofesi yoyang'anira malo osungira madzi, madera 16 ndi makomiti am'midzi, m'dera lalikulu la ulimi wothirira m'chigawo cha Yuanmou watenga ogwiritsa ntchito madzi 13,300 m'dera la polojekitiyi ngati mamembala ogwirizana. adakweza ￥27.2596 miliyoni ($3.9296 miliyoni) kudzera pakulembetsa kwa magawo omwe adayikidwa mu Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), kampani yocheperako yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pamodzi ndi Dayu ndi boma la Yuanmou, ndikubweza kotsimikizika pamlingo wochepera 4.95%.Ndalama za alimi zimathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa polojekiti komanso kugawana phindu la SPV. Kusamalira ndi kukonza polojekiti.Ntchitoyi idakhazikitsa kasamalidwe ka magawo atatu ndi kukonza.Magwero amadzi okhudzana ndi polojekitiyi amayendetsedwa ndikusamalidwa ndi ofesi yoyang'anira malo osungira madzi.Mapaipi otumizira madzi ndi zida zanzeru zoyezera madzi kuchokera kumalo otengera madzi kupita kumalo omaliza amayendetsedwa ndikusamalidwa ndi SPV.Pakadali pano, mipope yothirira kudontha pambuyo pa mita yomaliza yamunda imamangidwa yokha ndikuyendetsedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe apindula.Ufulu wa katundu wa polojekiti umafotokozedwa molingana ndi mfundo yakuti "munthu ali ndi zomwe amagulitsa". Ntchitoyi inalimbikitsa kusintha kwa ulimi wamakono womwe umakhala wothandiza populumutsa ndi kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi, feteleza, nthawi, ndi ntchito;ndi kuonjezera ndalama za alimi. Ndi ukadaulo wadongosolo la drip, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi m'minda kunapangidwa kukhala kothandiza.Avereji ya madzi akumwa pa hekitala inatsitsidwa kufika pa 2,700–3,600 m³ kuchoka pa 9,000–12,000 m³.Kupatula kuchepetsa ntchito ya mlimi, kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi othirira drip popaka feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kunathandiza kuti kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake ndi 30%.Izi zidakweza ulimi ndi 26.6% ndipo ndalama za alimi ndi 17.4%. Ntchitoyi inachepetsanso mtengo wamadzi pa hekitala kufika pa ￥5,250 ($757) kuchoka pa ￥18,870 ($2,720).Izi zidalimbikitsa alimiwo kuti asiyane ndi mbewu zanthawi zonse n’kuyamba kubzala zamtengo wapatali monga zipatso za m’nkhalango monga mango, longan, mphesa ndi malalanje.Izi zidachulukitsa ndalama pa hekitala ndi ndalama zoposa￥75,000 yuan ($10,812). Galimoto ya Special Purpose Vehicle, yomwe imadalira ndalama zamadzi zomwe alimi amalipira, ikuyembekezeka kubweza ndalama zake pakadutsa zaka 5 mpaka 7.Kubweza kwake pazachuma kuli pamwamba pa 7%. Kuyang'anira ndi kukonza bwino kwa madzi, chilengedwe, ndi nthaka zinalimbikitsa ulimi wobiriwira.Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kunachepetsedwa.Njirazi zidachepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa magwero osakhala ndi mfundo ndipo zidapangitsa kuti ulimi wakumaloko ukhale wolimba kwambiri ndi kusintha kwanyengo. Kuchita nawo kampani yabizinesi kumathandizira kusintha kwa gawo la boma kuchoka pa "wothamanga" kukhala "referee."Mpikisano wathunthu wamsika umathandizira akatswiri kuchita ukatswiri wawo. Mtundu wa bizinesi wa polojekitiyi ndi wovuta kwambiri ndipo umafunikira luso lamphamvu lokwanira pakumanga ndikugwira ntchito. Pulojekiti ya PPP, yomwe imakhudza dera lalikulu, imafuna ndalama zambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje anzeru, sikuti imangochepetsa mphamvu ya ndalama za boma kuti iwononge nthawi imodzi, komanso imatsimikizira kuti ntchito yomangayo idzatha nthawi ndi ntchito yabwino. Chidziwitso: ADB imazindikira "China" ngati People's Republic of China. Tsamba la China Public Private Partnerships Center.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-30-2022 
