Malinga ndi PPP Center ya Unduna wa Zachuma (dinani pansi pa tsamba ili kuti muwerenge zolemba zoyambirira kuti mumve zonse), "Technical Report on Public-Private Partnerships to Promote Development Sustainable Development" yolembedwa ndi Gulu Logwira Ntchito la BRICS pa PPP ndi Zomangamanga zavomerezedwa ndi Bungwe Lachiwiri la Zachuma mchaka cha 2022. Zinavomerezedwa ndi Msonkhano wa Atsogoleri a Zachuma a BRICS ndi Olamulira a Banki Yapakati pa Msonkhano wa 14 wa Atsogoleri a BRICS.
1. Kufotokozera Ntchito
Kufotokozera Ntchito Chigawo cha Yuanmou chili mdera la chigwa chouma, chomwe chimadziwika kuti "nyumba yotenthetsera zachilengedwe".Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zopangira zopangira zokolola zazachuma ndi masamba otentha koyambirira kwa dzinja.Vuto la madzi ndi lalikulu.
Ntchitoyi isanakhazikitsidwe, kufunikira kwa madzi amthirira pachaka m'derali kunali 92.279 miliyoni m³, madzi anali 66.382 miliyoni m³, komanso kuchepa kwa madzi kunali 28.06%.Derali lili ndi malo a 429,400 mu malo olimidwa, ndipo malo othirira bwino ndi 236,900 mu.Kuperewera kwa ulimi wothirira ndi 44.83%.Kukhazikitsidwa kwa polojekitiyi kudzakhudza gawo la 114,000 mu minda, kukonza bwino kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka madzi, kuthetsa zopinga za chitukuko chaulimi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi ku Yuanmou County, kusintha njira yogwiritsira ntchito madzi osakhazikika, ndikusintha. Njira yothirira madzi osefukira kuti ichitike Choncho, ulimi wothirira wowononga madzi wochuluka ukhoza kutheka, ndipo mkhalidwe wa "boma kupulumutsa madzi, kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama za alimi, ndi phindu la bizinesi" likhoza kutheka.
Motsogozedwa ndi ndondomeko ya boma yolimbikitsa chuma cha anthu kuti agwire nawo ntchito yomanga ndi kuyendetsa ntchito zazikulu zosungira madzi, ntchitoyi ikuyendetsedwa kudzera mu chitsanzo cha PPP ( WeChat Public Account: Water Investment Policy Theory).
Kumbali imodzi, ndalama za boma la Yuanmou County ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo chitsanzo cha PPP chimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwa ndalama zopangira zomangamanga.
Kumbali inayi, mapulojekiti osungira madzi amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe amagulitsa, ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kwake ndi kasamalidwe kake kumakhala ndi zokayikitsa kwambiri, zomwe zimafuna chidziwitso chaukadaulo komanso kasamalidwe ka ntchito yomanga malo osungira madzi.Chitsanzo cha PPP chimagwiritsa ntchito ubwino wa chikhalidwe cha anthu pakupanga, kumanga ndi kuyang'anira., kuwongolera ndi kusunga ndalama za polojekiti.
Kuonjezera apo, kufunikira kwa madzi m'dera la polojekitiyi ndikwambiri, madzi akutsimikizika ntchitoyo ikamalizidwa, komanso zovomerezeka zoyendetsera ntchito yokonzanso mitengo yamadzi yaulimi yakhazikitsidwa, zomwe zakhazikitsa maziko oyendetsera ntchitoyi. Chithunzi cha PPP.Ntchitoyi ikamalizidwa, madzi apachaka adzakhala 44.822 miliyoni m³, kupulumutsa madzi pachaka kudzakhala 21.58 miliyoni m³, ndipo kupulumutsa madzi kudzakhala 48.6%.
Zotsatira za polojekitiyi ndi izi:
(1) Ntchito ziwiri zotungira madzi.
(2) Ntchito yoperekera madzi: 32.33km ya mapaipi operekera madzi ndi mapaipi akuluakulu 46 operekera madzi adzamangidwa, ndi kutalika kwa mapaipi a 156.58km.
(3) Pulojekiti yogawa madzi, pangani mapaipi akuluakulu 801 ogawa madzi okhala ndi utali wa 266.2km;1901 kugawa madzi nthambi mapaipi ndi chitoliro kutalika 345.33km;kukhazikitsa 4933 DN50 anzeru madzi mamita.
(4) Kupanga minda, kumanga mapaipi othandizira a 4753 okhala ndi kutalika kwa 241.73km.65.56 miliyoni m malamba wothirira kudontha, 3.33 miliyoni m mapaipi a drip ndi 1.2 miliyoni drippers adayikidwa.
(5) Dongosolo lachidziwitso chopulumutsa madzi lapamwamba kwambiri limapangidwa ndi magawo anayi: njira yowunikira ndi kugawa madzi, njira yowunikira zidziwitso zanyengo ndi chinyezi, kumanga malo owonetsera kuthirira kopulumutsa madzi, ndi zomangamanga. a Information System Control Center.
2. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsa
(1) Boma liyenera kusintha ndondomeko ndi njira zochotsera zolepheretsa kutenga nawo mbali pazachuma
Boma lakhazikitsa njira 6.Boma la Yuanmou County lathetsa bwino vuto lokopa anthu kuti achite nawo ntchito yomanga malo osungira madzi m'mafamu kudzera pakukhazikitsa njira zisanu ndi imodzi: kugawa ufulu wamadzi, kupanga mtengo wamadzi, zolimbikitsa zopulumutsa madzi, kuyambitsa ndalama zamagulu, kutenga nawo mbali, kasamalidwe ka polojekiti. ndi kasamalidwe ka makontrakitala, ndi kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa malo osungira madzi m'mafamu.Zolinga zoyembekezeka za kusintha, monga kuwongolera, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa ntchito, chitsimikizo chokwanira cha madzi, chitukuko chofulumira cha mafakitale ndi kuwonjezeka kosalekeza kwa ndalama za alimi, zapanga njira yatsopano yopezera ndalama zothandizira anthu kuti agwire nawo ntchito yomanga, kugwira ntchito ndi kuyang'anira malo osungira madzi m'minda.
Kasamalidwe kabwino ka madzi.Pofuna kuwonetsetsa zokomera anthu amderali, ndikusunga njira yamadzi yoperekera madzi, kudzera pakugawa kwaufulu wamadzi ndi njira yopangira mtengo wamadzi, chiwongolero chamitengo chimatengedwa pang'onopang'ono kuti chiwonetsetse kusavuta, kuchita bwino komanso kupulumutsa popereka madzi m'mapaipi, kuwongolera njira zatsopano za ulimi wothirira, ndipo potsiriza kupeza madzi.kugwiritsa ntchito madzi moyenera kukwaniritsa cholinga chosunga madzi.Yuanmou County idalembedwa ngati chigawo choyendetsa pakusintha kwamitengo yamadzi padziko lonse lapansi.Kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulojekitiyi kwalimbikitsa njira yatsopano yoyendetsera madzi ndi kugawa ufulu wa madzi.
(2) Social capital imathandizira ubwino wake waukadaulo kulimbikitsa chitukuko chanzeru cha ulimi wothirira
Pangani njira yothirira m'munda wa "water network".(WeChat Public Account: Water Investment Policy Theory) Kumanga pulojekiti yotengera madzi m'malo osungiramo madzi, pulojekiti yoperekera madzi kuchokera kumalo osungiramo madzi kupita ku chitoliro chachikulu choperekera madzi ndi chitoliro chachikulu choperekera madzi, kuphatikizapo ntchito yogawa madzi ya chitoliro chachikulu cha nthambi. , chitoliro chanthambi yogawa madzi ndi chitoliro chothandizira, chokhala ndi zida zanzeru za metering, zipangizo zothirira madzi, ndi zina zotero, kupanga "madzi amtundu wa madzi" omwe amaphimba dera la polojekiti kuchokera kumadzi kupita kumunda, kuphatikiza "mawu oyamba, oyendetsa, ogawa. , ndi kuthirira”.
Khazikitsani "manetiweki oyang'anira" a digito ndi anzeru ndi "network network".Pulojekitiyi imayika zida zoyendetsera ulimi wothirira bwino kwambiri komanso zida zoyankhulirana zopanda zingwe, kuphatikiza zida zowongolera monga mita zanzeru zamadzi, mavavu amagetsi, makina opangira magetsi, ma waya opanda zingwe ndi kulumikizana opanda zingwe, ndikuwunika chinyezi cha nthaka ndi kusintha kwanyengo pakugwiritsa ntchito madzi a mbewu, feteleza. kumwa, ndi kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo., ntchito ya chitetezo cha mapaipi ndi zina zimatumizidwa ku malo odziwa zambiri, malo odziwa zambiri amawongolera kusintha kwa valve yamagetsi malinga ndi mtengo wake, ndemanga ya alamu, ndi zotsatira za kusanthula deta, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imatumiza chidziwitso ku foni yam'manja. terminal, wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugwira ntchito patali.
3. Kuchita bwino kwa polojekiti
Ntchitoyi imatenga ntchito yomanga madera akuluakulu a ulimi wothirira ngati chonyamulira, imatenga luso la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu. amakwaniritsa cholinga chopambana-kupambana kwa maphwando onse.
(1) Zotsatira za chikhalidwe cha anthu
Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono waulimi kusintha njira zobzala zachikhalidwe:
Pulojekitiyi yasintha njira yodzala mbewu zaulimi, zomwe zimawononga madzi, zimawononga nthawi komanso zogwira ntchito.Potengera luso la drip chubu, kuchuluka kwa madzi ogwiritsira ntchito kumafika pa 95%, ndipo madzi akumwa pa mu imodzi amachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 600-800m³ wa ulimi wothirira kusefukira kufika pa 180-240m³;
Chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito yoyang'anira pa mu imodzi ya zokolola zachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 20 kufika pa 6, zomwe zimachepetsa ntchito ya alimi kumasula madzi ndikupulumutsa ntchito ya ulimi wothirira;
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mipope yothirira kudontha pothirira ndi kuthira mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumawongolera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka feteleza wamankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe angapulumutse 30% ya feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo poyerekeza ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse;
Kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi popereka madzi kumatsimikizira kuti gwero la madzi ndi lotsimikizika, ndipo alimi sayenera kuyika ndalama m'malo othirira ndi zida zawo, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zopangira.(Akaunti Yapagulu ya WeChat: Theory Investment Policy Theory)
Poyerekeza ndi ulimi wothirira madzi osefukira, kuthirira kwadontho kumapulumutsa madzi, feteleza, nthawi ndi ntchito.Kuchulukitsa kwa zokolola zaulimi ndi 26.6% ndipo kuchuluka kwa zokolola ndi 17.4%.Limbikitsani chitukuko cha ulimi wachikhalidwe mpaka ulimi wamakono.
Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika cha chikhalidwe ndi zachuma:
Ntchitoyi imatengera njira ya "madzi a m'mapaipi, kudya kwa kirediti kadi" ndi "kukweza koyamba, kenako ndikutulutsa madzi", zomwe zidasintha mchitidwe wa "kumanganso ndi chitoliro chopepuka" posungira madzi m'minda.Mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito bwino madzi amthirira idawonjezeka kuchoka pa 0.42 mpaka 0.9, kupulumutsa madzi opitilira 21.58 miliyoni m³ chaka chilichonse..
Chidziwitso cha anthu pa nkhani yopulumutsa madzi chawonjezeka kwambiri, ntchito yothirira ndi yokhazikika komanso yathanzi yachitika, kusagwirizana pakati pa kapezedwe ka madzi ndi kufunikira kwa madzi kwachepetsedwa, ndipo mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi bata zalimbikitsidwa.
Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a m’maulimi kungapangitse kuti madzi azigwiritsidwa ntchito m’mafakitale ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kwina, potero kumalimbikitsa chitukuko cha chuma cha m’madera ndi m’mafakitale ena.
Limbikitsani kukwezedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zochitika zabwino za polojekiti m'madera ena:
Pambuyo pomaliza ntchitoyi, Dayu Water Saving Group Co., Ltd. idzalimbikitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito lusoli ndi chitsanzo cha kasamalidwe m'madera ena, monga Xiangyun County ku Yunnan (dera lothirira la 50,000 mu), Midu County (dera lothirira 49,000 mu), Mile County (malo othirira a 50,000 mu), Yongsheng County (dera lothirira la 16,000 mu), Xinjiang Shaya County (malo othirira a 153,500 mu), Gansu Wushan County (dera lothirira la 41,600 mu), Hebei County (Huaila County) malo othirira a 82,000 mu), etc.
(2) Mavuto azachuma
Kuchulukitsa ndalama za anthu ndikuwonjezera ntchito zakomweko:
Mtengo wa madzi pa mu umodzi ukhoza kuchepetsedwa kuchoka pa 1,258 yuan woyambirira kufika ku 350 yuan, ndipo ndalama zomwe amapeza pa mu adzakwera ndi yuan zoposa 5,000;
Kampaniyo ili ndi antchito 32, kuphatikiza antchito 25 aku Yuanmou ndi akazi asanu ndi mmodzi.Ntchito ya ntchitoyi imachitika makamaka ndi anthu amderali.Akuti kampaniyo ikhoza kubweza ndalamazo m'zaka 5 mpaka 7, ndi kubweza kwapachaka kwa 7.95%.
Ma cooperatives a alimi amakhala ndi zokolola zosachepera 4.95%.
Kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha mafakitale ndikulimbikitsa kutsitsimutsa kumidzi:
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulojekitiyi kumachepetsa mtengo wamadzi pa mu imodzi kuchokera ku RMB 1,258 kufika ku RMB 350, ndikupanga mikhalidwe yabwino yoyendetsera ntchito zaulimi.
Alimi am'deralo kapena makomiti am'midzi amasamutsa malo awo kupita kumakampani obzala okha, kuchokera ku mbewu zachikhalidwe kupita ku mango, malalanje, mphesa, malalanje ndi zipatso zina zamtengo wapatali zachuma, ndikupanga masamba obiriwira, okhazikika komanso okwera kwambiri. industry Base, kumanga malo otentha sayansi ndi luso paki, kuwonjezera ndalama pafupifupi 5,000 yuan pa mu, ndi kufufuza njira Integrated chitukuko cha "mafakitale kuthetsa umphawi + chikhalidwe kuthetsa umphawi + zokopa alendo umphawi".
Alimi apeza ndalama zokhazikika komanso zokhazikika kudzera m'njira zingapo monga kubzala, kutumiza malo, ntchito zapafupi, komanso zokopa alendo.
(3) Zotsatira za chilengedwe
Chepetsani kuipitsidwa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikuwongolera chilengedwe:
Kupyolera mu kuyang'anira ndi kukonzanso bwino kwa madzi, chilengedwe ndi nthaka, ntchitoyi ikhoza kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'munda, kuchepetsa kutaya kwa feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi madzi, kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa gwero lopanda mfundo, kulimbikitsa zitsanzo za ulimi wobiriwira, ndi kukonza chilengedwe.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulojekitiyi kwapangitsa kuti ntchito zosunga madzi a m’minda m’dera la polojekitiyi zikhale zokhazikika, zothirira bwino komanso zotayira ngalande, minda yaudongo, ndi yoyenera kulima makina.Agro-ecological vegetation system ndi nyengo zimathandizira kuwongolera ndikuwongolera kumunda kwa microclimate m'dera lothirira, ndikuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha masoka achilengedwe monga chilala, kusefukira kwamadzi ndi chisanu pakupanga ulimi kuchokera ku chilengedwe.
Kuzindikira kutukuka koyenera ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu zachilengedwe, kuwonetsetsa kuti chilengedwe chizikhala bwino, ndikukhazikitsa mikhalidwe yopititsa patsogolo madera othirira.
(4) Kuwongolera zoopsa zachuma ndi ndalama zowonongeka
Mu 2015, boma la China lidapereka "Malangizo Owonetsera Kupeza Ndalama kwa Public-Private Partnerships", yomwe imati udindo wa ndalama zamapulojekiti onse a PPP m'maboma m'magawo onse uyenera kukonzedwa kuchokera ku bajeti, ndi gawo. Pazogwiritsidwa ntchito pa bajeti ya boma pamlingo wolingana nawo zisapitirire 10%.
Malinga ndi lamuloli, nsanja ya PPP yodziwika bwino yakhazikitsa njira yowunikira pa intaneti komanso chenjezo loyambirira kuti lithe kukwanitsa ndalama, yomwe imayang'anira mozama za ndalama za polojekiti iliyonse ya PPP ya mzinda uliwonse ndi boma lachigawo komanso kuchuluka kwake kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachuma. mlingo womwewo.Chifukwa chake, pulojekiti iliyonse yatsopano ya PPP iyenera kuwonetsa kuthekera kwachuma ndikuvomerezedwa ndi boma pamlingo womwewo.
Ntchitoyi ndi yolipidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.Munthawi ya 2016-2037, ndalama zonse zomwe boma lizigwiritsa ntchito ndi 42.09 miliyoni yuan (kuphatikiza: 25 miliyoni yuan kuchokera kuboma kuti zithandizire mu 2018-2022; 17.09 miliyoni yuan ndalama zochokera kuboma mu 2017-2037 Conting expenditure. ndi pokhapokha pamene chiopsezo chofanana chikuchitika.) Ndalama zapachaka za ntchito zonse za PPP za boma pamlingo womwewo sizidutsa 10% ya bajeti ya anthu onse pamlingo womwewo, ndipo gawo lalikulu kwambiri linachitika mu 2018, pa 0.35 %.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-03-2022
